Award Winner

 My newest novel, Galloper's Quests, recently received third prize for literary fiction at the BookFest convention in California.

My father sparked my interest in science fiction. The first movie I saw in the theater was Forbidden Planet. Over time we watched The Twilight Zone and The Outer Limits, and The Andromeda Strain and Close Encounters of the Third Kind. This interest led to me to writing a sci-fi novel:

Galloper’s Quests, based on Gulliver’s Travels, begins in 2079. Navy Captain Samuel Galloper is a scientist who continually seeks answers about the mysteries of the universe. The military only temporarily quieted his feverish mind through its regimented ways. Galloper invents a propulsion system that transforms matter into energy and can open wormholes. However, the military wants to steal his work and use it to wage war. So, Galloper decides to prevent the perversion of his invention by leaving Earth on a journey through the cosmos. He visits three planets whose inhabitants exhibit very different ways of dealing with life. He becomes involved in the armed conflict between two of the planets. Along the way he befriends aliens and a witty robot. He falls in love with an extraterrestrial who might know more about humanity than Galloper does. As Galloper nears the end of his quests, he must weigh the risks of returning to Earth. Will his invention fall into the wrong hands? Will anyone believe his story about his intergalactic travels? What fate awaits his new love if she goes with him?

https://www.amazon.com/Gallopers-Quests-Fall-Earth-Destiny/dp/B0DRTBVDM6/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_

Darkest Hour

 SPOILER ALERT! The plot will be discussed.

The title of the film Darkest Hour (2017) refers to the saying that it’s always darkest before the dawn, implying that sometimes to reach a goal one must endure hardship. This movie focuses on England when Adolph Hitler’s Germany threatened the country, and specifically on Prime Minister Winston Churchill's role in escaping defeat and pushing forward to victory in World War II.

The story has several historical inaccuracies, as critics have pointed out, which must infuriate those that hope for accuracy in such a story. Apparently, Churchill had some ethnic purity beliefs of his own concerning the British people. However, this post will focus on the moviemaking aspect of the film.

The first images we see are those of countless soldiers and tanks, with Hitler and his military leaders plotting conquest. It is May, 1940, and Germany has already invaded Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, and Norway according to onscreen notes. The shots set the stage for the daunting task of resisting such a formidable enemy.

The film shows the ensuing days by presenting the month and day in large print on the screen, with the days rolling down with loud thudding. The effect is to show the importance and weightiness of what is transpiring. (Think of the opening of All the President’s Men and how the typewriter keys are huge and noisy, showing the impact of what is written). There is a shot from above accompanied by shouting showing how the British government is under siege and not capable of exhibiting traditional restraint. Parliament has blamed Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (Ronald Pickup) for what has become known as his appeasement, allowing Germany to become stronger. The story depicts how sometimes accepted norms of behavior will not work when dealing with unstoppable aggression.

Chamberlain meets with other members of the Conservative Party and admits that they need a coalition with the opposition party. Those in attendance want Lord Halifax (Stephen Dillane) to be Prime Minister. However, Halifax declines, saying it is not his “time.” Chamberlain admits that only First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill (Gary Oldman, in an Oscar-winning performance for Best Actor, looks unrecognizable in the make-up and prosthetics, and inhabits the role) will be accepted by both parties. Churchill’s combative personality is not admired by those in attendance. The scene shows these men (no women in government at this time) dressed in stiff, elegant formal clothes, mirroring their superior attitude, divorced from the average citizen.

The next scene contrasts with these upper-class men by starting with the servants preparing to ready breakfast-in-bed for the fussy and demanding Churchill. He demeans his new secretary, Elizabeth Layton (Lily James), by harshly criticizing her while she takes dictation. The audience can see that Churchill can be overbearing and condescending. Churchill’s wife, Clementine (Kristen Scott Thomas) sees how upset Elizabeth is and says how her husband can be a brute, like all men. She adds a strong female aspect to this time ruled by war-waging men. She tells Churchill that he has become “rude” and “overbearing” lately, and if he does become Prime Minister, he will have to use diplomacy. He says that choosing him now is more like revenge. He has had setbacks in the past, including the lives lost at Gallipoli, and maybe that has soured him. She mentions that he has a “lack of vanity” and a “sense of humor,” (unlike the stuffy men shown earlier). She tries to make him show his finer parts. He hopes that, being old now, he can still be useful, saying when “youth departs, wisdom will be enough.” Later, Clementine says that they are financially broke due to his personal excesses. But he can be charming with her, recalling past lovely times, and funny, as when she asks if they are old, and he says to her, “you are.”

The film shows everyday people walking in slow motion in the streets, picking up trash, or going to the office. These are the individuals who will have their lives destroyed if Germany invades. Churchill seems to recognize his upper-class status and how it is divorced from the multitudes. He says he has never ridden a bus or been in line to purchase bread. The one time he tried using the English subway, he became lost.

King George VI (Ben Mendelsohn) summons Churchill after telling Chamberlain how much he regrets accepting his resignation, and how much he dislikes dealing with Churchill. (Chamberlain concedes that Churchill was right about the dangerous Hitler). When Churchill arrives, he and the King talk at quite a distance, showing their lack of common ground. They speak minimally as the King offers the leadership of the nation to Churchill, who must, reluctantly, approach the monarch and kiss his hand. George VI then wipes his hand on his back, so adverse he is to being in Churchill’s presence. The King says they will have to meet, “once a week, I’m afraid.” Churchill seems to agree about the visits being disagreeable, since he will not concede his four pm naptime. He later says meeting the King will be like having a tooth pulled once a week.

Clementine acknowledges that she knew from the start that Churchill would mainly be preoccupied with public life. She accepted that, as did their children. She unselfishly says that their sacrifice was for “the greater good.” The film is implying that not all members of a family can accept a subservient role honorably as did the Churchills. (It is interesting that Churchill critiques his own father for his lack of family attention, telling the King that his father was like God, because he was “busy elsewhere”).

When Churchill enters Parliament, it is like going into the lion’s den. Bells chime in the background like somber knells. There are intercut shots of Churchill giving his speech with scenes where he earlier edits it while dictating to his secretary. He alters words to make it more palatable to the government representatives, which shows the new Prime Minister exercising diplomacy as he ascends into his new role. He admits the huge task ahead and says in pursuit of defending the nation he will give his all, offering his “blood, toil, tears, and sweat.” Churchill makes no attempt, however, at disguising that they will be waging war and that victory is the goal, no matter the cost. Despite the menace of Naziism, the members are reluctant to show enthusiasm for going into all-out battle, and Chamberlain and Halifax plot to remove Churchill for not allowing for peace talks. Others consider him just a great orator whose ideas are dangerous, and that he is an alcoholic.

 There is a difficult choice to be made by Churchill. The Germans are moving swiftly through France, and he must decide whether to tell the public how dire are the circumstances, or to rouse the French and his own people to fight. He chooses the latter, but the French leaders call him “delusional,” given the Nazi onslaught. He wants to inspire with his speech to the English so as not to give into despair. The film poses the question as to whether it is ever an appropriate time not to be totally honest with the public. He speaks his words which contrast with the depiction of the casualties in France.

The film points to another instance of Churchill having to connect to the masses. He flashes what he considers the victory sign, but he initially does so with the palm of the hand turned inwards. His secretary, Elizabeth, reluctantly tells him that means “up your bum,” to the “poorer people.” They both have a large laugh about this mistake, which shows Churchill’s sense of humor, and his ability to adapt.

The story shows the enormity of the sacrifice that a leader must inflict in a large-scale war. It shows Churchill willing to sacrifice four thousand men at a garrison in Calais to divert the Germans so 300,000 soldiers can be rescued at Dunkirk. This decision, along with President Franklin Roosevelt not being able to act because of the passage of the Neutrality Act in the United States, and the fall of Belgium and soon France, stress how this is the darkest hour for Britain. Churchill makes his decision as Halifax and Chamberlain push for peace talks with Germany, with Italy as an intermediary.

Churchill plans Operation Dynamo to rescue the army at Dunkirk by utilizing as many seacraft as possible for the evacuation while the Calais garrison is suffering terrible losses. Halifax says fighting to the end means “the destruction of all things,” and he does not see that resistance against evil is worth that. Churchill obviously disagrees. He also realizes that “you cannot reason with a tiger when your head is its mouth.” However, Churchill eventually agrees to hear German terms of a negotiated peace when under extreme pressure exerted by Halifax and Chamberlain. Whenever Churchill hears Hitler in the background talking on the radio he becomes infuriated by the voce of repression.

Secretary Elizabeth breaks down in tears while Churchill dictates. He listens to her when she says nobody tells citizens the truth about what is happening. He takes her into the secret map room and explains the deadly situation at Dunkirk. Here we have an example of Churchill connecting with an everyday person, trusting her with the truth. She discovers that her brother died at Dunkirk, and he shows compassion towards her, while she encourages his ability to communicate.

He also receives encouragement from Clementine who says his life has prepared him for the burden he now shoulders. The King visits Churchill and the latter is honest about how dire is the situation. The King surprisingly supports Churchill and tells him to seek out the feelings of everyday people, as Churchill had advised him in the past.

As the evacuation of Dunkirk proceeds with unexpected great success, the slow-motion movement of the citizens is again presented as Churchill observes them from his car. He bolts out of the vehicle and descends literally and figuratively to the Underground to connect with his fellow English citizens. He jokes with them, saying to a new mother that all infants look like him. He learns their names and vocations. He asks them what they would do if the Germans invaded. They say, “fight the fascists!” He asks if they would accept a peace agreement with Hitler, and they say, “Never, never, never!” The final connection to the people occurs when he quotes a poem and one of the passengers finishes it.

Churchill goes to members of Parliament and quotes the people on the subway who said they felt that England would turn into a slave state if Germany invaded. He says how would they feel if the swastika flew over the houses of Parliament. The members now echo the feelings of their constituents in not giving into Nazism. He tells the war cabinet that they will not negotiate.

He invites Elizabeth to hear the words that she typed so as to cement the connection between them. Later Churchill gives his famous rousing, “We shall fight on the beaches,” speech. Even Chamberlain concedes. His speech foresees America entering the war that would eventually bring victory over hatred, which is what free and enlightened people fight for, a fight that is ongoing. The note at the end quotes Churchill who said, “it is the courage to continue that counts.”