Showing posts with label poverty. Show all posts
Showing posts with label poverty. Show all posts

Sunday, September 9, 2018

Hell or High Water

SPOILER ALERT! The plot will be discussed.
One of the best movie scripts, written by Taylor Sheridan, in recent years is the basis for this 2016 film. The title usually refers to a task that must be completed no matter what obstacles are in the way. IMDb also notes that it refers to language that was used in a lease contract, which stipulated that the occupant must make his or her payments without exception. The general and the specific references of the phrase fit this story, as two brothers rob banks to make a payment on a ranch in West Texas. Also, this movie is sort of a male companion piece to Thelma and Louise, recently analyzed here, about crime, the ends justifying the means, and hitting the road.
Actor Gil Birmingham, who plays Texas Ranger Alberto Parker, the partner of Marcus Hamilton (Jeff Bridges), said that the film is about two contentious pairs of brothers, one connected by blood, the other by vocation. As we see, the brothers in crime are mirrored by the two men on the side of the law. The movie opens with plaintive string instrument music in the background, reminiscent of another crime in the heartland film, Fargo. The first shot is of a rural, desolate town with old pickup trucks and run down houses. There are these words written on the side of a building: “3 tours in Iraq, but no bailout for people like us.” Of course the graffiti refers to the 2008 government bailout of the Wall Street investment banks after they put people in huge debt by selling them inflated mortgages that the owners could not pay off. These multi-billion dollar financial institutions were deemed “too big to fail.” But, the thrust of the writing on the wall here is that soldiers who put their lives on the line, and came home damaged physically and psychologically, were too small to worry about. Right away we know that even though this movie centers on two brothers robbing banks for relatively small amounts, the real criminals are considered the economy destroying banks.
A car pulls up to a branch of the Texas Midland Bank (so we know where we are without some intrusive titles pasted on the screen). The building is across from a Goodyear tire store which has a brick wall formation that looks like three crosses. The image contrasts religious and profane visuals in the same shot, and suggests the conflicted feelings we will have as we witness the actions and motives of the two brothers. (IMDb suggests the crosses refer to the three law-abiding people later killed in the story). Brothers Toby (Chris Pine) and Tanner (Ben Foster, in a performance that should have earned him an Oscar nomination) approach the bank wearing ski masks as the female teller opens the door. She says the money is in the safe and not the drawer. She lectures the two men by saying they should leave now, and then would be “only guilty of being stupid.” Tanner shows he is a hothead, daring her to stay he’s stupid again. (The teller’s assessment is wrong, as we learn during the course of the film that these two are anything but stupid). Toby is more calm and quiet, and only wants to know when the bank manager will arrive since he is the one with the safe combination. The manger enters, sees his teller on the floor and then hears a gun cock. He knows what’s happening, but still says, comically, given the circumstances, in a Texas folksy manner, “Good Morning.” Tanner whacks the manager across the nose with his gun, showing the two Texas elements standing side by side, one being courtesy and the other violence. This combination is repeated in the rest of the movie.
As they drive away, Toby’s cautious and restrained personality is seen when he tells Tanner that he didn’t have to hit the bank manager, and says his brother  should stop speeding. Tanner is more carefree, assuring Toby he doesn’t have to worry. They drive their dusty sports sedan past some oil fields, which is a foreshadowing of what will figure into the story later. There is an older man at the next Midland branch depositing a large number of coins in wrappers which he found underneath some sacks of feed. He says he didn’t know he had some extra money sitting there while he lived off an “inmate’s diet.” The metaphor likens his impoverished life to serving a sentence in a prison. It’s as if the poor are already in jail without committing a crime, except being guilty of not having any money and the power that derives from it. The brothers burst in, and there is a Bonnie and Clyde feel to their robbery as Toby tells the old man, “We ain’t stealing from you. We’re stealing from the bank.” Just like Bonnie and Clyde, these brothers don’t go after poor people. Keeping that “bailout” sign in mind, it appears that Toby and Tanner are getting their share from those who received it from the government. In essence, they are robbing the middleman in order to get restitution for crimes committed against them. Tanner asks only for smaller bills, and not bundles, so the money won’t be traced. Since they are not directly stealing his coins, the old man, like the bank manager, is mannerly and says, “Much obliged.” Toby says “Sorry,” also being courteous, but it also shows the contrast in the brothers’ temperaments. Then that contrasting violence inserts itself. You know it’s Texas when they ask the old man if he has a gun, and he says, “You’re goddamn right I got a gun.” As they leave, the old man shifts into angry mode, calling the robbers bastards, and starts shooting at them. Tanner yells at Toby for not taking the old guy’s gun, but Toby says they were not robbing an old man, just a place. His statement shows how he cares about individuals, not the exploitative institutions. Tanner whoops it up, and says they are like Comanches, raiding where they please, He calls the Native Americans the “Lord of the Plains.” It is an ironic statement, since Native Americans were vanquished, but Tanner seems to want to hearken back to a time when the individual wasn’t intimidated by those with power. To show how they have thought things out, they drive their car into a huge hole and have a backhoe to bury it.

We then cut to Ranger Marcus who has a supply of ethnic insults for his half-Native American, half- Mexican partner, Alberto. Marcus asks why does Alberto wear the same clothes as him, and implies imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, so he must be complementing Marcus. Alberto says they have to wear a uniform and have only three types of shirts to choose from, so sometimes they will wear the same outfit. Alberto then says either Marcus should hear about the recent robberies, or, “Let Alzheimer’s run its course.” This dialogue establishes the relationship between the two. Marcus, brought up to show affection not through warmth, but like the way a boy gets the attention of a girl, which is usually by pulling her hair. He isn’t allowed to be unmanly, so he gets closer to his partner by being humorously aggressive. Marcus considers how the two thieves just hit Texas Midland branches, and not for large amounts or denominations. He points out that they didn’t cross state lines, and that, with the the smaller heists, eliminates bringing in the FBI. Also, “tweakers” rob convenience stores, smaller establishments, not banks. So, Marcus concludes that these crimes are thought out, and not the efforts of impulsive drug users, as Alberto suggests. Alberto says Marcus may get in some fun before they send him to the rocking chair. So, we find out that Marcus is very close to retirement.
Back at the the family ranch, we get to know more about the brothers and their family. Toby is again the responsible one, telling Tanner to stop drinking because he needs him sober. Tanner’s response is to say a person can’t get drunk on beer, which shows how his defiance even challenges the laws of chemistry. His statement also shows cowboy macho swagger, which is evident among the male population here. Tanner complains that the place looks bad, and Toby says while his brother was in jail he had to take care of their mother before she recently died, so Tanner should “go f... yourself.” This bickering mirrors that of Marcus and Alberto, and, like the law officers, there is true affection underneath between the two brothers. They look at the room where their mother was sick. It contains a hospital bed and IV pole. Tanner says he could have helped clean up at the end and feed the skinny cows, but Toby says they were so poor they didn’t have any feed for the animals. Tanner admits it doesn’t matter, because their mother wrote him off and didn't want to have anything to do with him. He basically has already given up on making anything worthwhile out of his life since his mother gave up on him long ago. He accepts his wild ways that aren’t compatible with civilized life. Tanner asks if he was in the mother’s will. Toby admits that she left everything to Toby, but all of it is going to his boys on Friday. His statement not only shows that they have a plan with a deadline, but it also shows Toby is not looking to enrich himself. Tanner says that their mother didn’t protect them, and didn’t like it that he fought their loser, abusive father. Toby says that the more Tanner fought, the more beatings he took. That’s why Tanner says he shot “that son-of-a-bitch.” As the story unfolds, we are of two minds when it comes to Tanner, understanding his desire for independence and anger, but also frightened by his violent ways.

After the brothers switch to another car, we see the two of them drive by a billboard that asks “In Debt?” in big letters next to a farm. The pervasiveness of financial collapse is everywhere, and spawns businesses that profit from those owing money. Meanwhile, Marcus stops a man in a pick-up and gives him a card, saying if he sees anyone that looks “sideways” to give him a call. The cowboy says “sideways” doesn’t want to run into him or that person will find himself on “the wrong end of a short rope.” Marcus says that would simplify things except for the cowboy, who then says, “only if you can find the tree.” Marcus then says “God, I love West Texas.” In this exchange we see the tough male individuality and boastfulness that persists in the cowboy persona even to the present day.

Marcus asks the teller of the first bank if the robbers were black or white. She asks if he is referring to the color of their souls. Her view is that they are evil men, but the story argues the opposite, that people many times can’t be so simply judged. Marcus also concludes that the men are not done yet, since they are taking a series of smaller amounts to reach a certain total. The fact that they hit Texas Midland branches at this time is because the bank is switching over from tape surveillance to digital, so there would be no recording of perpetrators. This fact again shows how the crimes were well thought out ahead of time.
At a restaurant, Tanner asks Toby if his boys know how rich they’re going to be. Based on the small amounts stolen, his statement implies that there must be some other part of the scheme that the audience must still discover. Toby hasn’t told them anything, not even about their grandmother passing away. He hasn’t seen them in a year, and has only talked to his sons on the phone. Since Toby owes his ex-wife child support money, Tanner tells him to settle up with what they have stolen. However, that’s not what the robberies are about. It sounds to Toby that Tanner doesn’t think they’re going to “get away” with their plans which would provide financial security for Toby’s family. Tanner says, “I’ve never met nobody who got away with anything, ever.” His statement again shows how Tanner has a defeatist view concerning the hopes of poor people. The only reason he went along with Toby on his plan was because Toby asked, which shows how love bonds family together, even to the point of self-sacrifice.

Tanner says he has to go to the bathroom, but improvises, and leaves to rob a bank across from the restaurant which is not one belonging to Texas Midland. His action is reckless, since the cops will then ask questions of those in the restaurant where they ate. The waitress, Jenny Ann (Katy Mixon) is nice to Toby, saying she’ll wait around for him to finish his meal since she has to be there all day anyway. Toby answers her question about his type of work by saying he drilled for natural gas, was laid off, and can’t seem to get a job drilling oil, even though, as Jenny Ann points out, the jobs seem to require the same skills. Their conversation  emphasizes the sometimes bizarre fate of the unemployed. She tells him they need a cook, speaking as one low wage earner trying to help out another looking for a job. He leaves her a $200 tip, which, of course, will draw curiosity given what his brother is doing. Tanner, dropping bills while running, yells to Toby outside the restaurant to start the car. He tells Toby afterwards that he just stole extra money beyond what they need for their plan so his brother can pay his child support. But Toby is upset by Tanner’s risky activity which now requires that they bury their current car ahead of schedule, and he has made it difficult to get to a Native American casino on time. Toby’s plan is obviously an intricate one. They drive to a trailer where Tanner picks up quite an arsenal of guns, which makes Toby apprehensive as he tries to exert calm control in the presence of Tanner’s dangerous ways.

We learn more about the two Rangers as they continue to bicker with each other in a humorous way. Alberto says he knows that Marcus will go crazy in retirement without confronting someone to outsmart, which shows Marcus’ crime solving abilities. But, it also reveals how Marcus wants to feel superior to his situation by controlling it. Alberto says Marcus will need a hobby, and suggests horses. Marcus says that was his wife’s thing, and it would only remind him of her. We now know that his wife died, so retirement will be an especially trying experience for someone alone who has left an adrenalin and cerebral centered job. Marcus says maybe he’ll go out in a blaze of glory in a shootout with the robbers (which is ironic, since it is not he who will get shot). Alberto wittily says he knows the way Marcus shoots, so there won’t be much “glory” in it. Marcus retaliates by making a racial slur saying he’ll at least have a half-breed to avenge him, although he’s not sure since Indians have a reputation for drinking too much.

On the road, the Rangers encounter a cattle rancher who is having a difficult time herding cattle away from a fire. He complains that it’s the 21st century, but  modern technology hasn’t aided him as he still must protect his cattle the old fashioned way in a new world with its punishing economy. He says you may as well turn him into ashes and put him out of his misery, and knows why his “kids won’t do this shit for a living.” Marcus practically writes an epitaph for the cowboy lifestyle, which tries to hang on with Texas grit, when he says there’s nobody around to help the ranchers, and “these boys are on their own.”

The Rangers find out from the teller at the bank that Tanner robbed that there was only one thief, who ran to a car parked at the diner. There is video here, and Marcus rightly concludes that the man’s partner may have been in the restaurant, didn’t know what the other was doing, and the heist was an improvisation. Marcus shows the shared animosity toward the predatory banking industry when he sees a guy in a suit and says there is a fellow who looks like he can foreclose on a house. Marcus goes to the restaurant and the anti-banking sentiment continues. When he asks if the men sitting at a booth had been there for a while, one guy says long enough to see the bank get robbed that’s been robbing him for thirty years. Marcus, showing his insight into people, says to the waitress Jenny Ann that he wants to ask her about the handsome bank robbers she waited on. She says how come handsome, and Marcus says because she didn’t rush to meet him in the parking lot to offer him information about the robbery. He finds out about her large tip, and says that’s evidence, wanting to try and trace the bills. But, after talking with Toby and seeing his sad and struggling nature, she feels a rebellious kinship with the robbers who are trying to take some power back from those rich folk in charge. She says she will only turn over the money if the two she waited on are proven to be the bank robbers; otherwise, she needs the money to pay her mortgage and keep a roof over her daughter’s head. She says until then, they should come back with a warrant. We almost have here a Robin Hood situation of stealing from the rich and giving to the poor. The Rangers, however, find that the clothes of the thief in the video match those of a customer in the restaurant, adding weight to Marcus’ theory.

As Toby goes into a convenience store, there is a cowboy with a horse near the car where Tanner waits for his brother. We then have a juxtaposition of images (similar to one in Easy Rider, where there is a shot of a horse in contrast with that of a motorcycle).The Old West visual is blotted out by young guys in a sports car blaring rock music. Tanner gives one of the youths a look and the driver says what’s the problem while pulling out a gun. Tanner shows his contempt for the inferior version of this new kind of cowboy when he says to the guy that “you think you were ten of me.” Toby comes over and beats the young man badly, intimidating the passenger into saying his pal had it coming. Tanner laughs, enjoying his brother’s violent action as a kind of fun thing to do, and tells him he still has some spunk in him. Toby remembers this time to throw the man’s gun away, as opposed to what happened with the old fellow at the second bank, of which Tanner jokingly reminds him. But, Toby wasn’t showing off his macho abilities. We again see the differences between them, because Toby is upset that his brother invited a confrontation, and tells Tanner that the other man could have killed him. But his brother is arrogantly boastful about his toughness, saying “that’s not how it would have gone.” Toby gets in a funny line here at his brother’s expense because the store was out of the Dr. Pepper Tanner wanted and only had Mr. Pibb. Tanner says, “Only assholes drink Mr. Pibb,” and Toby says, “Drink up.”
The brothers arrive at the casino. Toby has smartly planned to exchange the stolen money for gambling chips and then cash in the chips for new bills that can’t be traced to the robberies. Tanner decides to play some poker and there is a Native American there at the table. Tanner asks him if he is a Comanche, and the man (Gregory Cruz) says yes. Tanner says then he is a “Lord of the Planes.” But, the man, adding to the theme in the film of how things have changed for the worse, says he is “Lord of Nothing.” He says that Comanche means “Enemy to everyone.” Tanner, with a look of understanding and defiance says, “Do you know what that makes me? A Comanche.” Tanner acknowledges that he, too, is an outsider at war with the society in which they live, and the two are really comrades. A prostitute, seeing Toby’s stack of chips, propositions him. Tanner yanks her away and says that she would probably call her pimp and they would have tried to rob Toby. He is rough with her, and she goes off saying he’s crazy, with Tanner comically saying, “Call me.” Toby asks how did he stay out of jail for a year, and jokingly Tanner says, “it’s been difficult,” His natural inclination is to break the law, not abide by it. They cash in the chips, keeping some money for Toby’s support payments, and strangely, the rest is in a check made payable to Texas Midland Bank, the outfit they are robbing, which is another clue as to their grand plan.

Tanner tells the receptionist that she will giggle when she is in the nursing home many years later, that’s what an amazing impression he will make on her. While the brothers check in at the nice casino, we see that the thieves are able to live it up better than the Rangers, who are staying at The Sunset Motel. (The name may point to Marcus’ inescapable retirement). Marcus continues with the Native American cliches, saying why isn’t Alberto burning sage and dancing around the bed like a bee stung him. He then starts in on Alberto’s Mexican heritage by saying they’ll put soccer on the TV soon, which Aztecs probably invented when they started kicking skulls around. He tells Alberto in a year he’ll miss his insults and think of them at Marcus’ grave (which turns out to be a tragically ironic comment). Alberto comes back by saying he wishes that were tomorrow, causing Marcus to laugh and say that his partner is getting the hang of trading insults. Alberto asks if it’s getting “late for him,” and Marcus says yeah, which it is in terms of Marcus’ impending retirement, but even more so as it turns out for Alberto. Marcus can’t sleep, wraps a blanket around himself, and sits outside all night. In the morning he tells Alberto he’s practicing sleeping on his porch for when he retires. Alberto, trying to comfort his cantankerous partner about finishing his career, says they have a dangerous job and Marcus is lucky he got through it. The film layers on the irony when Alberto says he hopes he will be that lucky.
We cut to the office of a lawyer where we learn of Toby and Tanner’s scheme. The brothers are trying to steal just enough money to pay off the reverse mortgage plus back taxes owed on their mother’s land at the time of her death. That is why Toby wanted the casino check made out to Texas Midland, which granted her just enough money to keep her impoverished so that they could obtain the property when she passed away with her terminal illness. The bank discovered there was oil on the ranch and they would then be legally entitled to take possession of the land and the wealth derived from the drilling. Toby signs papers to appoint the attorney executor of a trust which will ensure that the land, which he is signing over to his sons, can’t be sold. He doesn’t want the boys to sell the farm for short term gain and jeopardize future income. But, he also wants to keep the ranch in the family as a symbol of defiance against the powerful interests plundering the land of struggling people. It’s also Toby’s way of making restitution for not being able to take care of his children while they were growing up. It will appear as if the men were lucky at the casino and used gambling winnings to settle the debt. The police will not be able to prove otherwise, so no matter what happens to Toby or Tanner, the boys’ future will be secure. The lawyer comments about paying off those “bastards” with their own money: “Well, if that ain’t Texan, I don’t know what is.” His words embody the frontier independence of the American Old West that pits the individual against tyranny. The lawyer reminds the brothers that the bank loan officer has to fax him a release of the lien on the property once they pay it off. The bank will try to foreclose, so they have to get there on Friday, “come hell or high water,” to reach their goal, thus stressing the desperate situation of these men referenced in the title of the movie. They also talk about getting a lease agreement to Chevron to insure the income from the oil company. In order to really cement the deal, the lawyer advises that, ironically, Toby should have Texas Midland handle the trust, since it would be in their best financial interest not to want any subsequent questioning of how the debt was paid off.
We have more humor as the Rangers stake out a Texas Midland branch office that Marcus suspects will be the next one to be robbed. At a local restaurant, an older, tough looking waitress (Margaret Bowman) approaches Marcus and Alberto. In response to the question about how she is doing she says “hot, and I don’t mean the good kind.” She asks the men what don’t they want, and they are confused. As to the menu choices, she says that for her 44 years of waitressing at this establishment everybody has ordered T-Bone steak and a baked potato, “except this one asshole from New York tried to order trout back in 1987. We don’t sell no goddamned trout.” So, the only choice they really have is either they don’t want green beans or don’t want corn on the cob. Marcus says, seeing how mean the waitress is, that nobody is going to rob this place, and Alberto later says that the town has a rattlesnake for a waitress. So, it’s not only the men who are old-fashioned tough in this part of the country.
The brothers get a truck so Toby can go to pay his ex-wife and Tanner can get the lease agreement to Chevron. Toby says don’t treat the oil company as the enemy. Tanner says they are (they wouldn’t give Toby a job and are reducing the number of farms and ranches), they’re just not their enemy right now. To emphasize the growing tentacles of the industry, Toby drives by the oil refineries that have made their huge profits there. Toby visits his ex-wife, Debbie (Marin Ireland), and informs her that his mother died. Her reaction is to say “good riddance,” since she knew how the woman enabled her mean husband. Toby says he’s not selling the ranch but is giving it to their boys, and putting it in a trust so nobody can sell it. Debbie says it’s just another thing to have to take care of, because she doesn’t know Toby’s scheme, and he doesn’t want her to know too much before it’s done so as not to implicate her. Toby goes outside to talk to his oldest son, Justin (John-Paul Howard). Toby offers him a beer, and tells him his grandmother died. He also let’s Justin know that he is giving the ranch to him and his brother, and they won’t have to worry about money no more since oil was found on it. Toby says Justin will be hearing bad things about his dad and Tanner, and all of it is true. He advises his son to not be like them. Justin says Toby said don’t be like him, and then offered him a beer. Toby says “Good boy,” for realizing the contradiction, the difference between the right and wrong paths.
The Rangers indulge in more arguing, as Alberto questions just sitting around waiting for the two guys to rob the Texas Midland branch across the street. Marcus says they won’t find any fingerprints at the crime scenes (the men wore latex gloves), and there’s no point driving to look at mugshots that nobody will ID. Alberto says Marcus just wants to make the investigation last to put off his retirement, which is probably partly true. Alberto complains about staying in the town, which he says is a loser place to be in. Marcus says the people there have learned to survive despite the obstacles, but Alberto questions the quality of that survival. He says that all the land as far as the eye can see used to belong to Native Americans. Then the town’s ancestors took it away from his people, and now it’s being taken from the white man’s descendents. But, Alberto says “cept it ain’t no army doin’ it. It’s those sons of bitches right there,” pointing at the bank. Greed has now replaced invading troops as the new vanquisher.
Again, we have a parallel scene where the brothers talk, which mirrors how the Rangers were conversing with each other. Tanner says how come the sweet girls (the receptionist at the hotel he persuaded to have sex with him) turn out to be the wild ones. Toby says he wouldn’t know, because he never was with a sweet woman. Tanner, laughing, says that Toby seems to likes his women angry, looking for someone to blame. Toby, smiling at his brother’s insight, says it does seem to be that way. Even though Tanner scares and frustrates Toby, they share these funny moments which shows the affection they feel for each other. Tanner says seriously that it’s a good thing Toby is doing, and Toby, generously including his brother in the plan, adds, “What we’re doing.” But, the film puts forth the question of whether the ends justify the means. The scene ends with the brothers drinking and horsing around (which fits, since they are Texans) as the sun sets.

Early the next morning, the brothers plan to hit two more branches to get the money they need. They go to a branch that is locked, which alters their plans. Tanner, despite Toby’s objections, pushes his brother to rob the bank in the town of Post because it is bigger, and will get them the money they need. Alberto ticks off Marcus by bringing up the fact that the men hadn’t rob the bank in the town which they staked out. In a cantankerous way, Marcus says that they should go to Post because it fits the pattern.
Because they are running late, when the brothers get to the Post branch office there are a lot of customers in it, a situation Toby wanted to avoid to prevent possible casualties. As they start their heist, one female customer secretly texts 911. Another pulls out his gun and starts shooting. Toby gets hit, and then a guard starts firing. Tanner shoots them both dead. A bunch of locals packing firearms start shooting at them, taking the law into their own hands, as the brothers get away. The proliferation of guns here escalates the violence since no one would have gotten hurt if the customer hadn’t started shooting. Tanner comically yells that concealed permits complicate things, and he justifies his shootings since “it was either them or us.” Toby is shaken up because he says nobody was supposed to get hurt. Tanner assesses Toby’s wound and says he will be okay. He then says he needs Toby to reach down into his cowboy roots, and, for the sake of his boys, he must be “mountain lion mean.”
The townspeople are in pursuit and, after the Rangers hear about the robbery, they head for Post. Tanner stops their truck, pulls out a high powered assault rifle, and scares off the citizens with a volley of bullets. These ammunition fueled scenes appear to want to undermine the NRA argument that a good person with a gun will defeat a bad person with a gun. In this story, it’s difficult to clearly define who is the good guy and who is the bad one. Also, when such lethal arsenals are available, it’s easy for the “bad” guy to be better armed. What you wind up with here is an all out war that has the potential to create lots of collateral damage.

The brothers stop at the other car, and Tanner tells Toby to exchange the rest of the money at the casino, since it was Toby’s plan, and he should stick with it, since, he says, it was a good one. The brothers are really saying goodbye here. Tanner wants to split up and sacrifice himself, never having seen himself as being socially redeemable. The heat is on and he wants to ensure Toby’s sons’ well being. The men say they love each other, but then cut the sentimentality by manning up, each telling the other to “Go f… yourself,” as they laugh.

The police follow Tanner, since his truck was the one that was involved in the robbery, and Toby drives past the cops in the other car. Marcus boasts to Alberto that he knew about the bank in Post, as he was using “White man’s intuition.” Alberto won’t allow Marcus the satisfaction of being right by saying “Sometimes a blind pig finds a truffle,” basically calling Marcus a lowly animal who got lucky. Their humor will contrast with what happens next. As a parallel example of the calm before the storm, Tanner sings cowboy songs just before his deadly encounter. Tanner sets his truck on fire while up on a hilly road, and makes it head down and explode against the cop car that is approaching, blocking access further up. Tanner has a rifle and opens up on the police. As they take cover behind the police vehicles, Marcus rightly observes there should be two robbers, not one. In the middle of insultingly telling Alberto that he should go up there and tomahawk Tanner, Alberto is shot to death. We can see how much Marcus truly cared for his partner as he tears up and is momentarily distraught. But then he is on a determined path, getting the civilians to back up their trucks and asking one to get him on higher ground so he can shoot Tanner. Being in typical vigilante Texan mode, the man says he will have the guy field dressed and on his hood. But, Marcus wants to do it himself, keeping the desire for justice (and revenge) legal.

Toby, bleeding, approaches a cop roadblock, and covers up his wound. He, unlike his brother, can play it cool. He has no record, so after his license and registration are checked, he is able to pass through. Back at the shootout, the cowboy helping Marcus says the Ranger is pretty winded and he offers to take out Tanner for him. “Not on your life. He’s mine,” says Marcus. Just before Marcus shoots him dead, Tanner says, “Lord of the Plains. That’s me.” He sees himself as a free renegade until the end. But, the film shows that despite the allure of having no restraints on one’s freedom, and even if one is involved in a just cause, we live in a society, and when the individual brings harm upon others, that person must suffer the consequences. Marcus is thrilled that he got his man, but he then cries because Tanner’s death doesn’t make up for the loss of his partner.

Toby sees what happened to his brother on the TV at the casino. He has the chips next to him and goes to cash them in. He shows up at the bank where the loan officer says he’s a lucky guy, having enough casino winnings, to “just in the nick of time,” pay off the debt before the sleazy bank could foreclose and own the land with its newly found oil. Toby pressures the loan officer to send the lien release that day. Heeding the advice of the lawyer, Toby asks about making the ethically challenged  bank complicit in his plan by setting it up as the trust manager. That way, Toby gets the bad guys to protect the property for his boys that they tried to take.

Even though he is now retired, Marcus still looks up Tanner’s record of being incarcerated, for among other charges, bank robbery. It appears as if the law, knowing how bad Tanner’s father was, let his son off for shooting his dad, blaming it instead on the flimsy possibility that it was an accident. There was nothing linking Toby to the robberies. The waitress, Jenny Ann, said she couldn’t identify Toby, obviously protecting him. The District Attorney didn’t want to pursue a case against Toby, who has no record, and who logically had no motive since his property will be making more money from the oil company than what was stolen. The bank at this point runs the trust, and gets paid fees, so they don’t want to rock the boat.
Marcus carries his concealed pistol and visits Toby’s ranch. Toby is there with a rifle. Men are always confrontational and armed here. Marcus says flat out he’s the man that killed Toby’s brother. Toby knows about him and says he’s retired and is trespassing, and knows Marcus also is probably armed. Still, ironically, given the circumstances, he shows Southern hospitality by offering Marcus a beer, while continuing to hold his rifle. The scene emphasizes the duality of nicety and menace noted before that is present in this culture. Marcus says Tanner liked robbing banks and shooting it up. He says that he would have spent all the money from the heists just so he could rob again. But, not Toby. Marcus observes that there was nothing newly bought at the ranch, the only new things there being the oil rigs. Marcus, even though he can’t prove it, wants to know why Toby participated in the crimes. Toby asks if Marcus has a family, but the now ex-Ranger says his partner did. Marcus wants to make the point that by Toby putting his own family first, he harmed another’s. Toby says he didn’t kill his partner, but Marcus disagrees because Toby was the planner and set it all in motion. Toby says his grandparents were poor, so were his parents, and he had always been poor. He says that poverty “is like a disease passing from generation to generation. But not my boys, not anymore.” Toby wanted to break the cycle, and he did it the only way he knew he could, outside of the law. He says he never killed anyone but he’ll start with Marcus if he wants to try and grab his pistol before he can shoot him with the rifle.

Luckily for both men, Debbie shows up with the boys. Marcus says he will be leaving and Toby says so will he. Marcus seems surprised that Toby doesn’t live there, and we assume he sees that Toby has not committed these acts for personal gain. Toby says he just helps fix up the place and will be there the next day to help his son with homework, showing his attempts to make up for his past neglect. Toby tells Marcus he has a house in town if he wants to finish this conversation, which means if he wants to shoot it out. Toby wants to be done with the aftermath of the robberies and deaths. Marcus says he’ll never be done with it. Marcus says what Toby has done will haunt him until he dies. But, he says Toby won’t be alone, because it will haunt him, too. Toby’s intimidating response is, “If you stop by, maybe I’ll give you peace.” Marcus, also standing his ground, says, “Maybe. Maybe I’ll give it to you.” Perhaps Tanner was right when he said nobody gets away with anything, ever. There is always a price to be paid when we do harm to each other.

The next post will take a quick look at some recent films.

Sunday, March 11, 2018

Frozen River

SPOILER ALERT! The plot will be discussed.

Similar to another cold-titled movie previously discussed, Winter’s Bone, we have in this 2008 film a view of how those living in oppressive poverty may turn to illegal means for relief when there is no legitimate help on which to rely. The story here distills this theme down to the lives of a struggling wife, Ray (Melissa Leo), and a single Mohawk mother, Lila (Misty Upham).
The first shot is of the frozen river of the title. It provides a means of crossing over the border between New York state and Canada. The idea of connecting is presented here, as the two main characters must eventually span the cultural divide between them. As Lila says later, there is no boundary when it comes to Mohawk territory, and that statement takes on metaphorical meaning, as borders between people must be obliterated in order for them to help each other out, since poverty knows no ethnic or cultural boundaries. We see a new trailer home on the road, which suggests the happy arrival of a new house being delivered, and on which Ray has pinned her hopes for her family. We have a sign that announces the location as Messina, “The Gateway to the Fourth Coast,” implying that we are not in the pick of the litter of locations. The next shot is that of a child’s merry-go-round, but it is not a happy sight, since there are no children playing on it (we in fact find out that it is broken), and the area appears cold, snow-laden, and pretty much inhospitable. We see Ray’s run-down trailer home and Ray is outside , in the cold, alone, crying. She has put a deposit down on a new double-wide, but her gambling-addicted husband took the money for the first installment and ran off.

When the trailer delivery man arrives, Ray tries to get him to leave half of the trailer. It is the second time he has come out and his frustration and Ray’s mirror each other, only, literally, from different sides of the “coin.” The struggle for money is the consuming preoccupation of these people living on the edge of America’s physical and fiscal outskirts. Even the name of the store where Ray works, the “Yankee One Dollar,” emphasizes the importance of the need for a bargain to save some cash. Ray has been employed there for two years, and she was promised that she would be given full-time status after six months. But her boss, despite her the length of time there and always being on time, considers Ray to be a short-timer who is not commited. Her employer just wants to exploit her. For Ray, living by society’s rules has only short-changed her. When Ray stops for gas, she can only find $2.74 in her pocket, and is thrilled when she discovers an extra $5 in her clothes. For dinner, her children eat Tang and popcorn. She rummages through the sofa to find loose change for her boys’ lunch money. Her young son, Ricky, (James Reilly), asks what will happen to their old trailer once they get the new one. She tells him that it will be flattened, sent to China, and made into toys that she will probably sell at the Yankee One Dollar. This little tale shows how Americans are exploited in the world of commerce as they will wind up paying for the same objects twice, once when they are new and again when they are discarded. It also points out how marginal is their existence. Such is the deprived world in which Ray and her family live.




Her son, T.J. (Charlie McDermott) tries to fix the merry-go-round, not so his brother, Ricky, can enjoy playing on it, but so that he can sell it to make money. He is fifteen-years-old, and wants to get a job to help out. But his mother refuses because she doesn’t want him to have to grow up too quickly and lose the chance at enjoying his youth before taking on the burdens of a grown-up. T.J. uses a blowtorch to try and fix the children’s ride, but Ray chastises him about the danger involved (a bit of foreshadowing of what is to come). The runaway dad gave the torch to his son, and he wants to use it, because it is his way of holding onto the hope for the return of his errant father. T.J. yells at his mother for getting on his father too much about turning over his paycheck to her and going to rehab meetings. She reminds him that her husband is an “addict” when it comes to gambling, but his affliction also points to an attempt at finding alternate means to get money when it is so difficult to get ahead financially.

Ray goes looking for her husband and finds his car at a Mohawk bingo parlor, where Lila works. Lila has poor vision which makes it difficult to read the playing cards. She can’t do a good job taking phone messages at a Mohawk reservation office because nobody can read her writing. This physical problem infringes on her ability to earn a living and thus limits her independence. Ray does not find her husband at the bingo tables, but sees Lila drive off in her husband’s car. Ray follows her to Lila’s home, which is also a trailer, one even more dilapidated than Ray’s, since Lila’s doesn’t even have heat. (We hear the man on her radio talking about how it is going to get much colder, with a new storm coming in, which basically stresses how dire her world is). Ray wants the keys to her car, and threatens Lila, shooting a hole in her trailer. Lila gives her the keys, and when Ray says how her husband left his family, Lila tells Ray she saw a man abandon the car and leave on a bus. After Ray is unable to tow the car, Lila says that she can take her to someone who will buy the automobile. It is a trick, because Lila wants to use the car to smuggle illegal Chinese workers into the U. S. Lila gets a hold of Ray’s gun, and forces Ray to go along with the scheme, but offers Ray half of the money she receives. Ray asks what if the police stop them, but Lila says, “They’re not gonna stop you. You’re white.” And, sure enough, they drive right past a trooper, who ignores Ray’s car. These scenes stress the racial profiling in the law enforcement system.
Lila shares the fact that she lost her husband, who drowned (people say they are “drowning in debt,” and perhaps, given the emphasis on the lack of money here, Lila’s husband symbolically died of poverty). Lila’s baby son was taken from her by her mother-in-law, which shows Lila’s sense of helplessness. Her dependence can be seen in the fact that she needs Ray’s car, and her good eyesight to count the money. When they cross the frozen river, and Lila tells Ray not to worry about crossing illegally into Canada, because the whole area is Mohawk territory, we are reminded how the whole continent at one time belonged to Native Americans. But, the whites came and divided the land up, confining the original inhabitants to small reservations. Driving over the river now implies crossing the line between legality and unlawfulness, and when we see the sign that warns of “Danger,” it not only indicates the possibility of cracking the ice, but also of breaking the law. Despite the fact that Lila echoes Ray’s lack of money, and loss of a husband, the two do not get along at this point. Lila has taken her husband’s car, and fooled her into committing a crime. Lila says she isn’t used to working with whites, so the historical animosity divides them. After they conclude their journey, Lila doesn’t pay up, and they struggle, with Lila escaping.

Christmas is coming and Ray doesn’t have enough money to put gifts under the tree. T.J. warns his mother about how their TV is going to be repossessed. (He later runs a scam on an elderly Mohawk woman on the phone, stealing her credit card number, hoping to pay the installment on the television. The company only accepts cash, sparing him the “crossing the line” scenario. But, the scene shows how poverty can corrupt young people, forcing them to lose their innocence, and initiating them into a life of crime). Ray tells T.J. to put up the Christmas tree, because she is going “Christmas shopping.” Ray wants what many American families want, but the irony here is that the only way she knows how to get it is to become a criminal. She again confronts Lila, and this time volunteers to be her smuggling partner.
The people that they are bringing into the U. S. are looking for a better life. But, in order to get to America, they become indebted to people Lila calls “Snakeheads,” (a Satanic reference?), people who pay $40,000 to $50,000 to get them into the country. The illegals basically become slaves, working seemingly forever to pay off that debt. (The nasty Canadian smuggler takes the illegals’ shoes from them before they hide in the car trunk so they won’t run away). Instead of being a land of opportunity, their new country becomes, instead, a place of bondage. So, America, in this film, impoverishes and thus restricts the freedom of original Americans, those who descended from immigrants, and new arrivals who are unable to afford the time and money to become legal citizens.

Ray gets enough money from the smuggling to stop the repossession of the TV. But, T.J. is suspicious. Ray, who is trying to keep her son on the straight and narrow, ironically, get the money illegally, and then lies to her son, saying she got a promotion at work. She says she will get them their “double-wide” home for Christmas, but she says to T.J. not to say anything to his brother, “just in case.” T.J. cynically repeats those words, stressing how he expects nothing to turn out alright. So, despite his mother’s efforts, he has become jaded, having been disappointed so many times before. But, Ray does acquire enough money to get the trailer park dealer, Versailles (Jay Klaitz), to schedule another delivery. There is a brochure for the trailers that says, “Live the Dream,” which seems like an enormous compromise of the American Dream. However, when Ray describes the new home as having several bedrooms, a Jacuzzi, and most of all, insulation to keep the literal, and figurative, coldness at bay, for these people, it is a wish they want to come true. That is why Ray, on the phone to her son, Ricky, says Santa Claus is coming, because the hope is still there, even if it derives from her criminal actions.

On one of their runs, Ray and Lila smuggle a Pakistani couple, who have a bundle that is placed in the back of the car. Ray, who already showed her prejudice when she judged the Mohawk harshly for not celebrating Christmas, now fears that the Pakistanis could be terrorists. On their journey, she throws the bag out of the window, just in case it contains explosives. When they deliver the couple, the woman is screaming, saying her baby was in the bag. Ray and Lila, both mothers, race back to find the baby, who does not seem to be responding. Lila is immediately pessimistic, mirroring the loss she feels about her boy being taken from her. However, they bring the baby into the car, turn on the heat, and revive the child.
T.J. uses a friend to get Ricky the toy he wanted, but when Ray returns, she chastises him for associating with his friend, who she believes stole the gift. It is ironic that Ray tells her son to steer away from criminals when she is one herself. Earlier, T.J. used the blowtorch to defrost frozen pipes, but started a fire in the process, that he was able to extinguish after damage was done. The blowtorch represents how the son, in a way, is carrying a “torch” for his father’s affection, but it also shows the destructive effect of his father’s gambling and absence. He finally breaks down and acknowledges how his father has hurt him, saying what kind of dad runs off and leaves his family right before Christmas, a time when people come together to celebrate their families.
Lila now has glasses, and is able to work at the bingo hall again, which shows how she now wants to be independent. The incident with the baby has shaken her up, and she does not want to do any more smuggling. But, Ray wants to do one more run, and she promises Lila that she can have Ray’s car and gun afterwards. This job goes badly. When the Canadian tries to shortchange them, Ray pulls out her gun, and gets the money from him. But, she is nicked by a bullet as they escape. Troopers chase them, and Ray and Lila must abandon the car as it cracks the ice when they try to cross the river, literally and figuratively ending their crime spree, and signaling the climax of the story. Lila, Ray, and the illegals flee to the Mohawk reservation. The troopers follow them there, and say they need the return of the illegals and Lila, who was known to them before for smuggling cigarettes. The council decides to expel Lila for five years, which means she will not be able to see her son start to grow up. At first Ray says she has to leave, and is sorry about what is happening to Lila, but says at least someone is taking care of her child, while she is the only one who can provide for her kids.

On her way home, Ray looks at the river. The temperatures have moderated and that is why her car fell through the ice. Symbolically, now she must “break the ice,” that separates her culture from that of the Mohawks. In the end, just like in the the TV series Big Little Lies, despite differences, the women here share their sisterhood, and must help each other out. Ray is white, with no criminal past. She offers herself up as the smuggler so that Lila will not be exiled from the reservation and sent to jail. The trooper says that Ray will probably only receive a sentence of four months. Liberated by Ray’s action, Lila now feels empowered and marches into her mother-in-law’s house and takes her child (and her confidence in herself) back.
Ray not only takes the fall for Lila, she entrusts her children to her, saying she can live in the new trailer with her child and take care of Ray’s sons while she is in prison. The two women have broken down the barriers, geographical and historical, that separated them, and have embraced inclusiveness, as they are linked by their common needs and wants. The ending is hopeful, as T.J. has fixed the merry-go-round, allowing the “merry” to be prefixed to this Christmas, as we see the children ride together, with the grim Lila finally smiling, and the new trailer home being transported to its destination.

The next film is Thank You for Smoking.

Sunday, January 14, 2018

Winter's Bone

SPOILER ALERT! The plot will be discussed.

This 2010 film mirrors what Truman Capote wanted to achieve with In Cold Blood, which was to show an underside of America that most citizens don’t know much about, and would rather not see. Director Debra Granik adapted the story for the screen from the novel by Daniel Woodrell, and she presents life in the Ozarks of Missouri as an impoverished, isolated place, whose adult residents become savagely tribal, and drug dependent, to survive.
Yet, the first scene in this movie shows children at play as they jump happily on a backyard trampoline while a lullaby is sung in the background. And as the story unfolds, having babies, despite the lack of financial resources, appears as a source of happiness in a life almost devoid of that attribute, and possibly the only hope for the future for these otherwise sad folks. Ree (Jennifer Lawrence, playing a seventeen year old when she was nineteen in her first Oscar-nominated role), visits a class where young pregnant girls learn how to take care of their future children. However, the harshness of the surroundings force the younger population to grow up fast in order to face the adversity around them. Ree must take care of her mentally ill mother and her very young brother, Sonny (Isaiah Stone), and sister, Ashlee (Ashlee Thompson). Their father, Jessup, who cooks meth, has been absent for a while. It is not an easy task for Ree given the lack of resources. The house is dilapidated, and the children sleep on a couch and a sofa. When Ashlee wants to feed the dog, Ree searches for something out of the refrigerator, smells it to make sure it’s still good, and announces what amounts to all that they can expect out of life when she says, “Better than nothing.”

Ree is a responsible surrogate parent as she teaches her siblings basic mathematics and spelling. She shows them even at an early age, because the surroundings demand learning these grown-up skills, how to use a rifle to hunt and protect themselves, but also how to be careful around the weapons. When Ree shows her brother and sister how to skin a squirrel, Sonny asks about the animal’s organs, “Do we eat these parts?” Ree’s answer is, “Not yet,” a minimalist answer that carries great meaning as to how precarious their world is. Ree must also chop wood so that they can stay warm. There is no reliance on the outside world here, so one must rely on others living there. Ree brings her horse to stay with her neighbor, Sonya (Shelley Waggener), who lives a little higher on the poverty spectrum, for food since the horse has not eaten in days. Sonya brings food over to Ree’s house, and lets Ree use her wood splitter. However, Ree tells Sonny, “Never ask for what oughta be offered.” Among these people, that rule maintains the recipient's pride, since they are not seen as beggars, and places responsibility on the residents to help others; if they have to be asked for what they should offer, they would incur embarrassment.


To make matters much worse, Sheriff Baskin (Garret Dillahunt) comes by saying Jessup put up the house and the land as collateral for his bail, and if he doesn’t show up for his court date coming up soon, they will have to give up their home. Despite the fact that the law has not found Jessup, we see Ree’s resolve when she convincingly says to the sheriff that she will find her father. When Sonya comes to her house and asks Ree if she’s sure she doesn’t know where her father is, Ree gives her a “how dare you ask that” look as if insulted to think she didn’t tell her the truth. Sonya says then Ree didn’t have anything to tell the sheriff. Ree says she wouldn’t tell the cop anything even if she did know. Sonya’s response is, “Honey, we know that.” This exchange shows the code of silence among the people living there that see the rest of the world as outsiders who only enter their lives to do harm.

At one point we hear the radio in the background which predicts more cold temperatures and freezing rain. The withering weather reflects the dire life the inhabitants must endure, and the hostility of the environment is palpable, so that the title of the film helps one understand how the coldness of the weather and of those living here penetrates to the bone. However, IMDb also says that the title refers to an Appalachian expression that compares a person who is searching for something and will not give up to a dog digging up a “winter’s bone.” Ree is like that dog as she is relentless in trying to find out what happened to her father in order to save her family’s home.
There seems to be more of a bond between the women living in this community than with the males, since the females share the child-rearing experience, and have to contend with the savagery of the men. But, that sisterly help doesn’t always come easily. Sonya delivers, but, as we saw, with a note of uncertainty. Ree goes to her friend and asks for the use of her husband’s truck. He refuses. Ree’s independence can be see in her admonishing her friend when she says, “It’s so sad to hear you say he won’t let you do somethin’ and then you don’t do it.” Ree reminds her that at one time her friend “never used to eat no shit.” Soon after she does secure the truck to help Ree with her search for Jessup.

Even though Ree fears her father’s brother, Teardrop (John Hawkes), she goes to his house to see if he knows what happened to her father. By the way, many of the names in the story are interesting. Ree’s last name is “Dolly,” which shows a nostalgic yearning for the innocence of youth, when a girl could escape into an imaginative world, playing with her doll. Ree has the nickname of “Sweet Pea,” and she is caring toward her family, but it is also ironic because Ree can be tough as hardwood. “Teardrop” sounds sentimental and sympathetic towards those that suffer. But, Ree’s uncle is one mean fellow. For instance, he tells his wife to shut up and when she keeps talking, he says,”I said shut up already, with my mouth,” implying the next time it will hurt. He also takes an axe to a man’s truck who gives him a hard time when Teardrop questions him about his brother. However, it can refer to how much family suffering he has had to endure, and currently points to what he feels about the loss of his brother.
Teardrop, with a gun in his hand, as if that is a normal thing to have even at a discussion at the kitchen table, warns Ree to not ask about her dad. He grabs her by the hair and the throat to emphasize his point, but then seems to soothe her with his hand as he lets go. In his rough way he is actually trying to protect her. He also voices the feeling that her choices are between the lesser of two evils when he says if she keeps asking questions she’ll become food for the hogs, “or wishin’ you was.” Again we see female support from Teardrop’s wife, Victoria (Cinnamon Schultz), who pleads Ree’s cause to Teardrop. He tells her to give Ree some money and send her on her way. Victoria gives Ree a marijuana cigarette to calm her on her walk, because she knows Ree won’t give up. Drugs are used to make money here but also as a means of self-medication to get through difficult times. It has become a lifestyle, but Ree refuses to take them. Later, Teardrop says to her that she hasn’t developed a taste for them yet, as he snorts some powder, which implies that living there creates the need for it.
Ree goes to the home of Little Arthur (Kevin Breznahan) who has another cutesy name which does not fit his character. He is Ree’s cousin (Ree keeps wanting to now why people who are her “kin” aren’t helping her) who used to cook meth with her father. Here, as everywhere else, the property is run down, with partially wrecked vehicles in the yard along with trash cans, old tires, and other refuse, showing us how the lives of these people are in shambles. In his house, a gun in the corner, always ready to be used, Little Arthur says he doesn’t know where Jessup is. Once again, a woman helps Ree. Little Arthur’s wife, Megan (Casey McClaren) tells Ree to ask Thump Milton (a more appropriately tough name) about her father. Ree confesses that he is one man she does not want to talk to. He is Megan’s grandfather, and she is afraid of him. Fear rules in this place.
Ree goes to to see Thump Milton (Ronnie Hall), but is told by one of the women living on his compound, Merab (Dale Dickey), that he will not see her, despite Ree’s argument that she isn’t looking for “trouble,” that is, she is not going after who might been involved in her dad’s disappearance, and that she and Thump’s people share some “blood.” But Merab says that she should leave because Thump doesn’t want any witnesses. Ree starts to realize that her father is dead, and those involved in his death don’t want any loose ends that could lead to who killed Jessup. While waiting for this information, Ree sees a small statue of a boy and a girl riding down a slide. The inclusion of this object makes one again think about the the loss of youthful innocence. Childhood has a short span in these circumstances, and all that’s left is an artistic resemblance of it.

Ree does go home, but Little Arthur shows up and takes her to a place where a meth lab blew up and where he says Jessup was killed. Ree says she is not stupid because she knew her father was careful and would not make a mistake that would result in an explosion. In addition, there are tall weeds at the site which would mean the explosion took place way before her dad went missing. Ree knows that Little Arthur was sent to give her an explanation for her father being missing which would end her investigation. Little Arthur says he knows how rough it will be for Ree if she loses her home and offers to raise her children. Ree defiantly refuses the offer, seeing it as an insult concerning her ability to take care of her siblings. She does not want to give up her search for Jessup. If she finds proof of his death, then there is no defiance of the order of the court to appear for trial, and her house and property will not be forfeited. Along the way of Ree’s quest we see people playing music and singing. The songs are mournful, with references about “flying away.” They express the sorrow of these people and how they wish for an escape.

Teardrop visits Ree and tells her that the law found Jessup’s car which was burned, but no body was found. Ree sees that evidence is being destroyed which would lead to her father’s killers. Teardrop advises Ree to sell the land and get some money for the timber before it is confiscated. But Ree instead again goes to see Thump Milton. Merab and the other women at the compound beat her as punishment for showing up again (their code does not permit the men to hit her). When Thump and his men arrive, Ree explains the situation to reassure Thump that she is not out for revenge or to expose anyone involved in her father’s death. Teardrop shows up, says his brother went against the ways of his people, and he assures Thump that he will take responsibility for Ree, promising she will not squeal on anyone. On the way home, Teardrop tells Ree that her father couldn’t handle another stretch in jail, and he made a deal with the law to provide information about the drug dealings of those men in his community. Teardrop believes that the sheriff then let it be known that Jessup had talked so he would get the Jessup’s information and not have to make good on the deal with Jessup, knowing Ree’s father would be killed by those he betrayed. Teardrop tells Ree that if she finds out who did kill Jessup that she shouldn’t tell him. Then he would feel compelled to go after the killer, which would probably lead to his death, or as he puts it, he will be “toes up.”
When Ree returns home, Sonya again is the female helper who gives Ree some pain killers to deal with the results of her beating. Ree accepts the drugs now after having experienced how punishing it is to defy the ways of her community. While she recuperates we see a show on the TV depicting the chopping down of trees as Squirrels scatter as their homes are destroyed. The inclusion of this footage points to how the outside world will decimate the home of Ree’s family. She becomes despondent, thinking that she may have to give up her brother and sister to other family members to take care of them. There was talk earlier of her desire to “fly away,” by joining the Army. She now goes to the recruiting office in order to get the $40,000 sign up bonus. But, she is too young to enlist without parental approval, and her mother is incompetent to give consent. The recruiter also tells her she can’t take her family along, so Ree would be abandoning them.
Teardrop comes by again because he feels the need to find his brother’s body. On their drive, the sheriff stops them, but Teardrop knows that there is no reason for being pulled over. He also has a great deal of animosity toward the sheriff because of how he probably assisted in the death of Jessup. Teardrop refuses to exit the vehicle and he makes sure that Sheriff Baskin can see in his truck’s side view mirror that Teardrop has a rifle in his hand. The sheriff backs off and lets them go. This scene stresses that although the ways of Teardrop and others in this place may be threatening, the law and others from outside their way of life can be just as destructive. Teardrop tells Ree that her father loved them very much, which ironically, in this uncivilized pace, made him weak, not wanting to go away from them to serve a long jail term, and this weakness made him susceptible to danger.
Some women from Thump’s place, including Merab, now join the list of other women who help Ree. They take her to where Jessup’s body is. They put a sack over Ree’s head so she can’t reveal where her father lies. That way, Ree can’t ever tell the police, which would lead to an investigation. They go on a boat to where Jessup rests in some shallow water. Merab says Ree must cut off her father’s hands to prove that he is dead (Merab says one hand might imply that Jessup is alive and tried to prove he was dead by cutting off one hand, which shows how violent is the logic in these parts). Ree breaks down and although she can lift up her dad’s hands, she can’t do the cutting. Merab uses a chainsaw, adding to the gruesomeness of the scene, to cut off the hands. Ree brings them to the sheriff, saying someone flung them on her porch. The sheriff doesn’t want Ree to spread it around that he backed down from Teardrop, saying he was just trying not to have a shootout that might harm Ree since she was there. Ree tells him that’s not the way she saw it, not giving him the satisfaction of his lie. She shows her contempt for the man who helped bring about her father’s death by telling him she wouldn’t say anything about him because she didn’t talk about the sheriff, “ever.”
Teardrop pays a visit to Ree’s home, and brings baby chicks for Sonny and Ashlee. This act may seem to show a gentle side of the man, but he probably is being practical, providing a source for future food, either by way of chicken dinners or eggs. He picks at Jessup’s banjo, and remembers fondly how much better his brother could play. Bree offers to give him the instrument, but he says that she should hold it for him. He then says that he knows who killed Jessup. So, his leaving the banjo may mean that he will seek revenge for his brother, which would probably get him killed. Ashlee picks up the banjo and starts strumming it. This action may seem like a sweet tribute to her father, but it also could imply that she is on the same road to disaster as her parent.
Sonny asks Ree if she is going into the Army and leaving them. Ree’s poetic response is, “I’d be lost without the weight of you two on my back.” The life here may be exacting, but the love of children makes bearing the burden of family responsibility worthwhile.

The next film is The Bride on the River Kwai.